Obesity, known as Sthaulya in Ayurveda, is considered one of the Ashta Mahagada, the eight major diseases described in Ayurvedic texts. It is classified among these serious conditions because obesity affects multiple systems of the body and often becomes the root cause of several chronic health concerns.
Ayurve da views obesity as much more than excess body weight. It is primarily a disorder of Meda Dhatu, where excessive and unhealthy accumulation of fat tissue occurs due to disturbances in metabolism and lifestyle. Over time, this excess Meda Dhatu begins affecting the nourishment and functioning of other Dhatus, creating imbalances throughout the body.
It is important to understand that a large body frame is not necessarily obesity. Some individuals naturally have a broader skeletal structure, greater muscle mass, or a larger constitution. Obesity refers specifically to excessive fat accumulation that begins to interfere with normal physical function and overall health.
Classical Ayurvedic texts describe that individuals suffering from Sthaulya often experience reduced functional strength despite having a larger body. Simple activities such as climbing stairs, walking briskly, or performing routine physical tasks may become difficult. Fatigue, breathlessness, excessive sweating, heaviness, and reduced stamina are commonly observed.